Oh, G. Transverse arch of the foot. Reference article, Radiopaedia. URL of Article. Related pathology pes planus. Gray's anatomy. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon 2.
Gray's anatomy for students. Churchill Livingstone. The posterior column of the lateral longitudinal arch is composed by the lateral tubercle of the calcaneum and the anterior column is composed by the heads of the lateral 2 metatarsals. The peak of the lateral longitudinal arch is located at the level of articular facets on the superior outermost layer of the calcaneum i.
The lateral longitudinal arch being lower and not as mobile in relation to the medial longitudinal arch is accommodated for transmission of weight and pushes. The essential ligaments which help keep the medial longitudinal arch are: a plantar calcaneonavicular ligament spring ligament which gives dynamic support to the head of talus, b interosseous ligaments attaching the adjacent bones, and c interosseous talocalcanean ligament, linking these bones.
These ligaments serve as intersegmental ties. Acting as slings i. The flexor hallucis longus is the bulkiest and most powerful muscle to support the medial longitudinal arch. This muscle has 3 functions with regard to the medial longitudinal arch:.
It supports the calcaneus by passing underneath the sustentaculum tali. The tendon of tibialis anterior also uses a sling activity. Acting as tie beams i. The appropriate formation of the distal end of calcaneus and proximal end of cuboid. The cuboid is the keystone of longitudinal arch. Working as tie beams: The lateral part of the plantar aponeurosis and the intrinsic muscles of the little toe example, lateral part of the flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi brevis, and flexor digiti minimi brevis function as tie beams of this arch.
Acting as slings: The tendons of peroneus brevis and peroneus tertius, that are added on the base of the fifth metatarsal , serve as poor slings from above.
The tendon of peroneus longus, which grooves the plantar aspect of cuboid and paths transversely across the sole to be added on the base of first metatarsal and adjoining part of medial cuneiform, supports the cuboid bone from above via its pulley-like activity.
The heads of the metatarsals create the anterior transverse arch. The posterior transverse arch is composed by greater parts of the tarsus and metatarsus. It creates only half of the dome in a single foot. The most marked features of this arch are its solidity and its slight elevation.
Two strong ligaments—the long plantar and the plantar calcaneocuboid—the extensor tendons, and the short muscles of the little toe preserve its integrity. While these medial and lateral arches may be readily demonstrated as the component antero-posterior arches of the foot, the fundamental longitudinal arch is contributed to by both, and consists of the calcaneus, cuboid, third cuneiform, and third metatarsal: all the other bones of the foot may be removed without destroying this arch.
In addition to the longitudinal arches, the foot presents a series of transverse arches. The arches are complete at the posterior part of the metatarsus and the anterior part of the tarsus, but in the middle of the tarsus they present more of the characteristics of concavities.
These are directed downward and medially, so that when the medial borders of the feet are placed in apposition, a complete tarsal dome is formed. The transverse arches are strengthened by the interosseous, plantar, and dorsal ligaments; by the short muscles of the first and fifth toes especially the transverse head of the adductor hallucis , and by the peroneus longus, whose tendon stretches between the piers of the arches.
Learning Objectives Differentiate among the arches of the foot. Key Points The arches of the foot are formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones and strengthened by ligaments and tendons. They allow the foot to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least weight.
The slight mobility of the arches when weight is applied to and removed from the foot makes walking and running more economical in terms of energy. The main arches are the antero- posterior arches, which may, for descriptive purposes, be regarded as divisible into two types—a medial and a lateral. Please have a a look at our medical reviews and clinical articles on everything about lower biomechanics.
You should always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding personal health or medical conditions.
The content, products and services offered herein, are here to educate consumers on healthcare and medical issues that may affect their daily lives. Nothing in the content, products or services should be considered, or used as a substitute for, medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This site and its services do not constitute the practice of any medical, nursing or other professional healthcare advice, diagnosis or treatment.
The content, products or services on this site should not be considered or used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and is not intended to provide individual medical advice. Included materials and conversations do not imply a personalised doctor-patient relationship.
The Arches of the Foot.
0コメント