Mass unrest threatened the Soviet government. As a result, Lenin instituted his New Economic Policy, a temporary retreat from the complete nationalization of War Communism. As the economy deteriorated during the Russian Civil War , Lenin used the Cheka to silence political opposition, both from his opponents and challengers within his own political party. But these measures did not go unchallenged: Fanya Kaplan, a member of a rival socialist party, shot Lenin in the shoulder and neck as he was leaving a Moscow factory in August , badly injuring him.
Lenin became the first head of the USSR, but by that time, his health was declining. Between and his death in , Lenin suffered a series of strokes which compromised his ability to speak, let alone govern. Lenin dictated a number of predictive essays about corruption of power in the Communist Party while he was recovering from a stroke in late and early Lenin died on January 21, , in Gorki Leninskiye near Moscow.
He was 53 years old. By that time, Stalin had already come to power power he would do anything to keep, as evidenced by the Great Purge of About a million people braved the cold Russian winter to stand in line for hours before paying their respects to Lenin, who was lying in state at the House of Trade Unions in Moscow. Vladimir Lenin; pbs. Vladimir Lenin ; BBC. Secret Police; Library of Congress.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Russian leader Vladimir Putin was born in in St. Petersburg then known as Leningrad. Putin rose to the top ranks of the Russian government after joining Some of his co-conspirators begged for clemency and Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower.
However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own The Romanov family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia. During the Russian Revolution Since its start a century ago, Communism, a political and economic ideology that calls for a classless, government-controlled society in which everything is shared equally, has seen a series of surges—and declines.
Lenin and the Russian Bolshevik Party was to manage and develop the country to turn Russia from a backward state into a socialist one.
The leader V. Lenin must shoulder responsibilities to apply creatively the Marxist theory in the first socialist realism of mankind. However, when Soviet Russia entered a period of peace, that policy was no longer appropriate to the circumstances and it became an obstacle to its development, causing production stagnation and socio-economic crisis and political crisis risk. Aware of these risks, with their intelligence and the bravery of communists, in March , at the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party, V.
Lenin and the Russian Bolshevik Party made a historic decision. Businessmen are free to do business; The economic accounting regime was applied. The practical benefits of workers and individuals were encouraged. With the scientific and dialectical thinking of Marxism, V. Marx during his lifetime. When analyzing the practice, V. Lenin realized that in a backward country that was in a transition period to socialism, a multi-sector economy was an inevitable trend 8.
That did not contradict the Marxist theory. Marx pointed out that: due to just escaping from a capitalist society, society in transition socialism in all aspects economic, ethical, mental bears traces of the old society that gave birth to it 9.
That is an objective feature in the period of transition to socialism, especially for small, backward agricultural countries. Unfortunately, after V. Over the past years, socialist realism in the world has experienced many ups and downs. During their existence and development, the Soviet Union and socialist countries have gained several great achievements.
However, since the 70s of the twentieth century, these countries have fallen into serious stagnation and crisis. As a result, socialism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe collapsed.
It is also a consequence of serious mistakes in political, ideological orientations and the human resources organization of the rulling party during the reform process.
Lenin to the reform of socialist realism to overcome stagnation, crisis and continue to revive and develop in the future. Lenin is a great example in the struggle to protect and develop creatively Marxism. In the context of capitalism shifting to imperialism and the collapse of the Second International, V.
Lenin persisted in a fierce struggle with those who opposed and distorted Marxism. Thereby, V. However, in nature, they denied the proletariat and the revolutionary violence; they upholded reformism of capitalism. They only pretended to support Marxism but they buried Marxism in reality. They called to support workers to fight on condition that they could not destroy the bourgeois state and replace it with the proletariat. That meant the workers kept fighting but they absolutely could not win!
With his wisdom, his rich practical revolutionary experiences and his absolute belief in Marxism and his astute approach, V. Lenin revealed and rejected the erroneous and reactionary views of opportunism to defend the scientific, revolutionary, and transparent Marxism. The victory in thought and theory of V. Lenin and the true Russian communists became an important condition for Marxism to truly be a flag of thought, the theory leading to the inevitable victory of the Russian Revolution.
According to V. Lenin, the defense of Marxism had to be attached to solving practical political tasks at a strategic level. After the successful Russian Revolution, V. In addition, they must be resolute against opportunism and reactionary forces in order to protect the revolutionary achievements and successfully build socialism. Lenin affirmed that in order to defend the revolutionary achievements, it was necessary not only to strengthen the military and defense, but also to create new economic relations, a new society with modern economic development, high productivity; high intellectual level of the people, a new state model, a democratic politics attracting the participation of a large number of people.
In addition, it is necessary to regularly fight against outside hostile forces and internal evils, especially bureaucracy, corruption, bribery, and communist arrogance. The most important thing is in this "if". Human history has admitted V. I Lenin was one of the first reformers in the process of building and perfecting socialist realism. It is in the context of capitalism from free competition to imperialism, in his struggle and lead of Russian revolution, V.
Lenin applied and developed Marxism creatively and comprehensively on all three basic component parts: philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism to form Marxism - Leninism. It is his particularly outstanding contribution to humanity all over the world.
Theory of colonial question and national question by V. Their struggles against what Lenin saw as a class-biased legal system only reinforced his Marxist beliefs. In time, Lenin focused more of his energy on revolutionary politics.
He left Samara in the mids for a new life in St. Petersburg, the Russian capital at the time. There, Lenin connected with other like-minded Marxists and began to take an increasingly active role in their activities. The work did not go unnoticed, and in December Lenin and several other Marxist leaders were arrested. Lenin was exiled to Siberia for three years. Following his release from exile and then a stint in Munich, where Lenin and others co-founded a newspaper, Iskra, to unify Russian and European Marxists, he returned to St.
Petersburg and stepped up his leadership role in the revolutionary movement. At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in , a forceful Lenin argued for a streamlined party leadership community, one that would lead a network of lower party organizations and their workers. In Russia went to war with Japan. The conflict had a profound impact on Russian society. The situation was heightened on January 9, , when a group of unarmed workers in St.
They were met by security forces, who fired on the group, killing and wounding hundreds. The crisis set the stage for what would be called the Russian Revolution of Hoping to placate his citizens, the emperor issued his October Manifesto, offering up several political concessions, most notably the creation of an elected legislative assembly known as the Duma.
But Lenin was far from satisfied. His frustrations extended to his fellow Marxists, in particular, the group calling itself the Mensheviks, led by Julius Martov. The issues centered around party structure and the driving forces of a revolution to fully seize control of Russia. While his comrades believed that the power must reside with the bourgeoisie, Lenin passionately distrusted that segment of the population.
The fighting would continue until a party conference in Prague, when Lenin formally split to create a new, separate entity. As always, his mind stayed focus on revolutionary politics. During this period he wrote and published Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism , a defining work for the future leader, in which he argued that war was the natural result of international capitalism.
In , a tired, hungry and war-weary Russia deposed the tsars. Lenin instead called for a Soviet government, one that would be ruled directly by soldiers, peasants and workers.
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